Health Insurer Cigna To Pay $67 Billion For Express Scripts

VPM | By Alison Kodjak

Published March 8, 2018 at 2:20 PM EST

Updated January 2, 2024

Health insurer Cigna is looking to increase its muscle by buying Express Scripts, a leading manager of prescription benefits.

Updated at 1:30 p.m. ET

Health insurance giant Cigna is buying Express Scripts, the company that administers prescription drug insurance plans for millions of Americans, in a deal worth $67 billion, including $15 billion in Express Scripts’ debt.

The proposed combination is the latest in a string of mergers in the health care industry. Drugstore chains, pharmacy benefit managers and insurers are realigning to gain market share, enhance negotiating leverage and cut costs.

Cigna is one of the nation’s largest insurance companies. Express Scripts is the second-biggest PBM; it manages prescription drug benefits for about 80 million people.

“We’re at a tipping point,” says Stephen Klasko, president and CEO of Jefferson Health and Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. He says this deal is the beginning of a major realignment in what is now a fragmented health care system.

“Cigna-Express Scripts by itself isn’t anywhere close to a revolution,” he says. “But the combination of mergers across sectors is the beginning of a revolution.”

In December, CVS Health, whose Caremark PBM competes with Express Scripts, said it intends to buy health insurance giant Aetna. Last month the grocery chain Albertsons agreed to buy Rite-Aid pharmacies, and in January, Amazon, JPMorgan Chase and Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway said they were joining forces to create an undefined health care company.

Cigna and Express Scripts say the combination of the companies will make health care simpler for their customers and will cut costs.

Klasko says it will “de-layer the ridiculous middleman structure” that defines the pharmaceutical industry.

Express Scripts and other PBMs usually negotiate rebates on the list price of medications and pass on some of the discounts to the insurance companies they work with. Those discounts, however, remain secret so the true prices paid for prescription drugs is usually unknown.

FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb on Wednesday called that system a “rigged payment scheme” that drives competition out of the market.

The combination of Express Scripts and Cigna could be good for customers in terms of their health care because the interests of the companies that pay for medications will be aligned with the ones who pay the doctor and hospital bills, says Craig Garthwaite, director of the Health Enterprise Management Program at Northwestern’s Kellogg School of Management.

“If I’m just responsible for your pharmacy spending, I want to make that as low as possible,” he says. For example, a PBM may not pay for expensive but easy-to-administer insulin for a patient with diabetes.

“But if I’m responsible for your medications and your hospital costs, I want to make it easier for you to take your drugs so I can prevent that hospital visit,” he says.

What’s less clear is whether the prices of insurance or medications will go down for consumers.

The companies say they expect the deal to close by the end of 2018, but it must pass antitrust and regulatory scrutiny.

The merger announcement comes in the same week that Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar and the FDA’s Gottlieb both warned the pharmaceutical industry that they intend to take actions to lower prescription drug prices.

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Alison Kodjak

Alison Fitzgerald Kodjak is a health policy correspondent on NPR's Science Desk.

Her work focuses on the business and politics of health care and how those forces flow through to the general public. Her stories about drug prices, limits on insurance, and changes in Medicare and Medicaid appear on NPR's shows and in the Shots blog.

She joined NPR in September 2015 after a nearly two-decade career in print journalism, where she won several awards—including three George Polk Awards—as an economics, finance, and investigative reporter.

She spent two years at the Center for Public Integrity, leading projects in financial, telecom, and political reporting. Her first project at the Center, "After the Meltdown," was honored with the 2014 Polk Award for business reporting and the Society of Professional Journalists Sigma Delta Chi award.

Her work as both reporter and editor on the foreclosure crisis in Florida, on Warren Buffet's predatory mobile home businesses, and on the telecom industry were honored by several journalism organizations. She was part of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists team that won the 2015 Polk Award for revealing offshore banking practices.

Prior to joining the Center, Fitzgerald Kodjak spent more than a decade at Bloomberg News, where she wrote about the convergence of politics, government, and economics. She interviewed chairs of the Federal Reserve and traveled the world with two U.S. Treasury secretaries.

And as part of Bloomberg's investigative team, she wrote about the bankruptcy of General Motors Corp. and the 2010 Gulf Oil Spill. She was part of a team at Bloomberg that successfully sued the Federal Reserve to release records of the 2008 bank bailouts, an effort that was honored with the 2009 George Polk Award. Her work on the international food price crisis in 2008 won her the Overseas Press Club's Malcolm Forbes Award.

Fitzgerald Kodjak and co-author Stanley Reed are authors of In Too Deep: BP and the Drilling Race that Took It Down, published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons.

In January 2019, Fitzgerald Kodjak began her one-year term as the President of the National Press Club in Washington, DC.

She's a graduate of Georgetown University and Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism.

She raises children and chickens in suburban Maryland.

See stories by Alison Kodjak